Choosing the right location for a heat pump is a critical decision that can significantly impact its efficiency and overall performance. Whether you're considering an air source or ground source variety, understanding the ideal placement is essential for maximizing the benefits of this sustainable heating technology. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the intricacies of where to install heat pumps, considering factors such as air circulation, space considerations, and adherence to regulations. Join us as we explore the nuanced details of placing air-source and ground-source heat pumps, ensuring you make informed decisions for a seamlessly integrated and energy-efficient heating system in your home.
An air-source heat pump requires efficient air flow to operate effectively. It draws air through its sides and back, expelling cold air from the front once heat extraction is complete. In contrast, ground-source heat pumps draw heat from the ground, allowing for installation within a residence. Further details on locating a ground-source heat pump will be provided later in this discussion.
Ideally, an air source appliance should be placed in a location that is not too confined. For example, if one side of your house has a narrow alleyway and the other side features a garden, installing the pump on the garden side is preferable rather than in the narrow alleyway. Any plants or shrubs near the heat pump should be at least a meter away and regularly trimmed to prevent encroachment.
Additionally, the pump should be installed in an easily accessible location for servicing and general maintenance. It should be positioned on the ground at the back of the property, allowing for minimal pipework and increased system efficiency. If ground installation is impossible, hanging the pump on brackets a few inches above the ground is an alternative.
Certain regulations must also be followed. A qualified heating engineer can guide these aspects before installation.
The heat pump should be at least one meter from any site boundary, and units installed on a flat roof should maintain a one-meter distance from the roof's edge. Planning permission may be required for listed buildings, and ground-level installation is recommended for homes in conservation areas or World Heritage Sites.
Always consult the manufacturer's manual to ensure the heat pump is installed in the optimal location. The manual will also outline any regulations that must be adhered to.
Where to place an air source heat pump
Considering the above factors, there are limited suitable locations for an air source heat pump. Generally, any outside wall on your house can be suitable if the pump has enough space to intake air and local planning or building regulations, including noise output (dB(A)), are not violated.
Can a heat pump be located in an attic?
An air source heat pump cannot be located inside the house. As previously explained, these units expel cold air once heat is extracted, potentially turning any room into a refrigerated space. Due to the increased workload and inefficiency in extracting heat from cooler air, placing an air source heat pump outside is essential.
Where to place a ground source heat pump?
Unlike air-source heat pumps, ground-source systems draw heat from the ground through a network of pipes installed around the property. For homes with limited land, vertical pipework installation is an option. These appliances do not require airflow or expel cold air so they can be installed inside the home. Given their size, a cellar or utility room may be suitable locations.
Space requirements for a ground source heat pump
For optimal efficiency, the pipework of a ground source heat pump must be a specific length to gather the necessary heat for distribution to your home. A standard eight kW heat pump typically requires around 250 m2 of land for horizontal pipework. With the vertical installation system, boreholes can be drilled to 100 m or deeper, reducing the necessary land. For an above 8 kW heat pump, you might need two boreholes around 60 m deep, provided the drilling rig can access the site.